
Agent Frameworks Compared: Tool-Calling Schema Handling
OpenAI, Anthropic, and Google each use a different request and response shape for the same tool. Agent frameworks handle that difference in different places. Some translate one definition into each provider's format, some are native to a single provider, and some hand the question to a connector underneath. This article compares six frameworks on schema definition, translation, and MCP support, then shows how OpenRouter normalizes tool calling at the API layer so a model swap is a change to one string.











